1. To document any differences between the vegetation of differently managed sections of the project site.
   
2. To observe how each section has changed from one year to the next.

These changes will have been brought about as a direct result of the management regimes being used on the project site, as well as by the environmental conditions which have been prevalent over the preceding year(s).

In the initial stages of the restoration experiment when plants first began to colonize the newly bare site, the most important factor influencing the development of the vegetation was the process of natural succession. Section 5 (left, in 2005) is the control section and has had no management at all since the experiment began in 1993. This section shows clearly what would have happened over the whole site if natural succession had been allowed to take place unhindered.                  (Find out more about succession here)

In the other sections which are brushcut at certain times of year, natural succession to woodland was effectively halted as soon as the cutting regimes were initiated in1995/96. What then remained was the unending competition (battle for space and resources) between the colonizing plants which were able to withstand the brushcutting regimes. 

The balance of 'power' (dominance) between individual plants in each of the sections is constantly changing, depending on both the external management and fluctuating environmental conditions. For example, a lengthy, summer drought will have a much more negative impact on grasses than on heathers, which are adapted to withstand such conditions. Such a drought would give heathers the opportunity to increase their dominance on the site at the expense of the grasses. Factors such as weather, microclimate, nutrient status and physical condition of the soil, insects and other animals selectively feeding on the plants, may influence the whole project site equally, or only some parts of it.

Brushcutting at a particular season may have an adverse effect on some species (e.g. Bluebells - left) and it may then take them all year to recover (if indeed they do recover) giving other species a chance to dominate in the meantime.

The different management regimes applied to each section apart from the control section, are a constant factor. The same management is applied to all of the vegetation within each section, each year. One can therefore say with confidence that a very great proportion of the observed differences between sections is a direct result of the type of management applied.

Common sense also tells us this because one only has to look at the sections to see that they are different and that the visible differences follow the boundaries of the sections. Indeed, the boundary markers are in many cases no longer necessary to define each section.

Differences in vegetation have led to corresponding differences in the animal life in each section, despite the fact that there are no boundaries to animal movement. Different plant architecture means that certain spiders are found in some sections and not in others. The spider Agelena labyrinthica (left) occurs only in those sections which have become most like heathland. (The vegetation elsewhere is less suitable for the attachments of its funnel-shaped web.)

Grasshoppers abound in the more grassy sections and different butterflies selectively visit different sections in search of particular flowers and caterpillar food plants for egg laying. Although the ecological surveys were only documenting vegetation on the project site, some data has been gathered on the fauna of the project site and this will be published at a later date

To summarize, the different management methods used on the project site are having a profound impact on the composition of the vegetation in the differently managed sections. These differences are now clearly visible at a glance.

The ecological surveys document these increasing differences in detail and show how the site has changed since the initiation of the experiment. Data acquired over a long time span will allow the more directional changes in vegetation resulting from the effects of the constant management, to be picked out from any fluctuations caused by variations in environmental conditions.

Ecological Survey 1999
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