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The Woodland Education Centre
The Heathland Restoration Project
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Ecological Survey 2000

Species List by Section
with a comparison of species abundance,
measured as percentage frequency

Summary

  • Percentage frequency = the percentage of the total number of quadrats sampled over the whole site which contain the species. For example, a percentage frequency of 100%, means that the species was found in all quadrats sampled.
  • Percentage frequencies have been rounded to the nearest whole number, except for those which are less than 1%.
  • A + sign indicates that the species was seen on the site, but was not found in any of the quadrats sampled.
  • Characteristic heath species are in bold text.

 

Site diagram and summary of section management methods here

 

SPECIES

COMMON NAME

% Freq

MOSSES

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9
Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) 17 13
* Campylopus paradoxus Wils. 7
Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) B.& S. 93 77 90 46 88 81 78 85 35
Hypnum cupressiforme 4 7 4 7
* Hypnum jutlandicum Holmen & Warncke 15 13 11 9 19 7 13 59 38
Polytrichum formosum Hedw. 29 38 13 13 49 65 52 66
Sphagnum sp. 3
Thuidium tamarascinum (Hedw.) B.,S.& G. 68 45 11 9 41 49 62 56 63
FERNS
* Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth.

Hard Fern

11 4 4 7 8 13
Dryopteris carthusiana

Narrow Buckler Fern

11 7 4 7
Dryopteris felix-mas

Male Fern

4 3
* Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.

Bracken

22 4 4 + 7 + 12 13
ANGIOSPERMS
LILIACEAE
Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L) Chouard ex Rothm.

Bluebell

72 82 16
GRAMINAE
* Agrostis canina L.

Velvet Bent

25 4 35 23 93 53
* Agrostis capillaris

Common Bent

100 88 97 88 28 81 74 66 47
* Agrostis curtisii

Bristle Bent

3
* Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

Sweet Vernal Grass

4
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.)

False Oat Grass

25
Bromus ramosus Huds.

Hairy Brome

7
Holcus lanatus L.

Yorkshire Fog

100 100 93 96 16 90 35 42 35
CYPERACEAE
* Carex binervis Sm.

Green-ribbed Sedge

13 25 23 7 19 32
Carex flacca

Glaucous Sedge

4 17 10 3
Carex flava agg.

Yellow Sedges

4 10
Carex laevigata Sm.

Smooth-stalked Sedge

11 15 13 10 23 52 15 7
* Carex pilulifera L.

Pill Sedge

4 20 17 11 9
Carex sylvatica Huds.

Wood Sedge

4 11 32 17 7 59 9
JUNCACEAE
Juncus conglomeratus L.

Compact Rush

14 4 14 42 19 23 68 11 35
* Juncus effusus L.

Soft Rush

32 3
* Luzula campestris (L.) DC.

Field Woodrush

14 19 9 42 51 15
* Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej.

Heath Woodrush

4 4 9 36 30 41 9
Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd.

Hairy Woodrush

11 4
RANUNCULACEAE
Ranunculus repens L.

Creeping Buttercup

14

21 14
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum androsaemum L.

Tutsan

+

* Hypericum pulchrum L.

Slender St John’s Wort

11 7 9 27 27 74 7
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Silene dioica (L.) Clairv.

Red Campion

4
VIOLACEAE
Viola riviniana Rchb.

Common Violet

18 41 90 100 69 78 39 30 16
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis acetosella L.

Wood Sorrel

22 9
PAPILIONACEAE
Lotus pedunculatus Cav.

Greater Bird’s Foot Trefoil

47 50 10 55 7
* Ulex europaeus L.

Common Gorse

9 15 25 63 20 72 70 31
* Ulex gallii Planch.

Western Gorse

ROSACEAE
Fragaria vesca

Wild Strawberry

4
* Potentilla erecta (L.) Rausch

Tormentil

11 4 4 4 3 4 4
Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke

Barren Strawberry

17 4
Prunus sp.

Cherry

19 4 13 34 22
* Rubus fruticosus agg

Bramble

75 25 61 63 94 17 58 38 72
Rubus idaeus L.

Raspberry

25 29 26 4 3
Sorbus aucuparia L.

Rowan

14 29 19 23 10 8 3
ONAGRACEAE
Circaea lutetiana L.

Enchanter’s Nightshade

4

7
URTICACEAE
Urtica dioica L.

Common Nettle

3
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex aquifolium L.

Holly

4
ARALIACEAE
Hedera helix L.

Ivy

11 13 16
FAGACEAE
Fagus sylvatica L.

Beech

+
Quercus sp.

Oak

14 16 18 3
BETULACEAE
* Betula sp.

Birch

18 4 14 33 60 20 45 30 50
CORYLACEAE
Corylus avellana

Hazel

7
SALICACEAE
Salix aurita

Eared Willow

4 3 19 3
Salix caprea agg.

Goat Willow/Great Sallow

7 4 7
ACERACEAE
Acer pseudoplanatus

Sycamore

4
ERICACEAE
* Calluna vulgaris

Heather (Ling)

4 7 14 45 19 63
* Erica cinerea

Bell Heather

+ 4 3 4 14 16 +
Rhododendron ponticum

Rhododendron

4 + 7 7
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia nemorum

Yellow Pimpernel

27 32 75 26 26 7 3
Primula vulgaris

Primrose

4 3 7
OLEACEAE
GENTIANACEAE
Centaurium erythraea

Common Centaury

+
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Digitalis purpurea

Foxglove

4 4 7 7 3
Scrophularia nodosa

Common Figwort

9 7 29
Veronica chamaedrys

Germander Speedwell

14 25 10 7 3
Veronica officinalis

Heath Speedwell

7 36 17 49 30 12
LABIATEAE
Ajuga reptans

Bugle

4 29 71 35 61 4
Prunella vulgaris

Selfheal

4 +
Stachys sylvatica

Hedge Woundwort

4 61 33 13
Teucrium scorodonia

Wood Sage

7 15 11 17 10 16
RUBIACEAE
Galium palustre agg.

Marsh Bedstraw

4 11
COMPOSITAE
Arctium minus Bernh.

Lesser Burdock

+
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Field Thistle

4
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop.

Marsh Thistle

7

21 7 48 4
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.

Spear Thistle

Eupatorium cannabinum L.

Hemp-agrimony

13 7 +
Hypochoeris radicata L.

Cat’s Ear

49 23 11 3
Leontodon autumnalis L.

Autumn Hawkbit

+
Taraxacum officinale agg.

Dandelion

4
Number of quadrats recorded 21 19 21 18 24 23 23 13 32
Number of species per section 27 30 44 43 37 45 36 36 45
Mean no. species per quadrat 8 6 12 11 8 12 11 11 9

 

 

Summary .... the 2000 data at a glance.

1.    Total number of different plant species recorded in all sections:

      76 species

2.   The dominant plants across the whole project area:

     Eurhynchium praelongum
      Common Bent - Agrostis capillaris
      Yorkshire Fog - Holcus lanatus
      Bramble - Rubus fruticosus agg.
     
Violet - Viola riviniana
      Thuidium tamarascinum
      Polytrichum formosum
      European Gorse - Ulex europaeus
      Silver Birch - Betula pendula
     

3.   Plants occurring in every section of the Heathland Restoration Project site:

      Nine plants were found in every single section on the site. These were:

Mosses:
Eurhynchium praelongum

Thuidium tamarascinum

Hypnum jutlandicum

Grasses/rushes:
Common Bent -
Agrostis capillaris

Yorkshire Fog
Holcus lanatus

Compact Rush
Juncus conglomeratus

Herbs:
Violet -
Viola riviniana

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Shrubs:
Bramble -
Rubus fruticosus agg.

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Trees:
Silver Birch -
Betula pendula

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4.  The sections closest to a heathland habitat:

      Section 7 (spring brushcut, initial gorse and grass control)
      Section 8 (autumn brushcut, initial selective weed control)
      Section 9 (handweeding)

This is based on these sections having the greatest abundance of heath species such as Heather,         Bell Heather, gorse, bramble, Tormentil, Silver Birch, Pill Sedge, Bristle Bent and mosses such as      Hypnum jutlandicum.

5.  Rhododendron now in almost half of the sections:

This highly invasive non-native species which formerly covered the Heathland Restoration Project        site is gradually reappearing.

6.  The sections with the highest species diversity:

     Sections 6 (spring, summer and autumn cut) and 9 (handweeded).

Section 6 continued to have high species diversity because the frequent cutting prevents taller plants from becoming dominant and shading out the smaller herbs.

Section 9 is the largest section on the project site with approximately twice the area of any of the        other sections. It also has two environmentally different zones, an upper dryer section and a lower,        wetter, more marshy area. Different species are dominant in these different zones, increasing the        species diversity of the section overall.

 

7.  The section with the lowest species diversity:

     Section 1 (autumn brushcut). This section has the smallest area of any of the sections.

  

                   

 >> Continue to Section Descriptions

 

Ecological Survey 2000
Contents